Canadian Toad vs. American Toad

Both are brown, warty toads, and they hybridise in western Minnesota. A: in the adult Canadian Toad the ridges behind the eyes expand and fuse into a smooth bony hump (boss); in the American Toad they run parallel and never form a knob. B: the Canadian's parotoid glands are oval to kidney-shaped and rarely touch the ridges; the American's often touch them or are joined by a short spur. C: the Canadian usually has one wart (sometimes two) in each dark spot; the American often has two or more (owner's notes). The call also helps: the Canadian's trill lasts about five seconds, the American's 6 to 30.

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