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Four-toed Salamander vs. Eastern Red-backed Salamander

Turn it over. A Four-toed Salamander has a bright white belly with bold black spots; a Red-backed belly is salt and pepper, like grey granite. Then count the toes on a hind foot: four on Four-toed, five on Red-backed. Four-toed also has a sharp pinch at the base of the tail, where it breaks off.

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Four-toed Salamander

Hemidactylium scutatum

Eastern Red-backed Salamander

Plethodon cinereus
Four-toed vs. Eastern Red-backed Salamander: comparison sheet with the differences marked

Photographs via iNaturalist under Creative Commons licences; the photographers are credited on the sheet.

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